Siderno

Siderno (Greek: Σιδέρνο Siderinò) is a town and comune located in Calabria, Italy about 3 kilometres from Locri. Siderno Marina is the newer town located on the Ionian coast. It is popular with both Italian and foreign tourists and has a bathing beach. Siderno Superiore is the old town, higher up on the flank of the coastal mountain range. It has historic palaces, old buildings and very narrow streets. It has now become a ghost town because most of the old population has moved to the more modern Siderno which is the new city and offers more job opportunities and services. History The early history of the town is unknown. The old town in the hilly inland was probably founded in the 10th century by some people from Locri, who had fled to the area to defend themselves from Saracen incursions; in the following century it became a hamlet of the county of Grotteria and was home to various feudal lords. Siderno Marina was built along the coast after the 1783 earthquake. Emigration Large-scale emigration abroad as well as to Northern Italy, which began to diminish only in the 1970s, has had a lasting effect on the demographic situation in the region. Emigrants from Siderno emigrated to the United States, Canada and Australia since the end of the 19th century to find employment. Many moving to Canada settled in Schreiber, Ontario, because of the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway and many played a major part in its completion. One of them was Cosimo Figliomeni. His good fortune and letters home lured many of his villagers to jobs in Schreiber. Half of Schreiber’s 2,000 residents trace their roots to the Italian city of Siderno. Economy Siderno, also known as the "pearl" of the "Jasmine Riviera" (Italian: Riviera dei Gelsomini)), is one of the most well-equipped tourist resorts on the Ionian coast of the province of Reggio Calabria, with wide, sandy beaches, clear sea and a magnificently-coloured seabed. The Siderno area is famous for the production of bergamot orange, a citrus fruit that is used as an essence and fundamental ingredient in cosmetics, for its wound healing properties in the pharmaceutical industry, and for flavouring in the food industry. Crime The town is home to the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type criminal organization based in Calabria. Several powerful criminal clans originate from the town. Siderno was the fiefdom of Antonio Macrì, the undisputed local boss until his demise in January 1975. Several of the criminal clans are sometimes involved in bloody feuds. The town is home to one of the 'Ndrangheta's biggest and most important clans, the Commisso 'ndrina, heavily involved in the global cocaine business and money laundering. Several clans moved to Canada, in particular the Greater Toronto Area, home to what Canadian law enforcement call the Siderno Group, which has been here since at least the 1950s. "The criminal minds of Siderno are in Canada", according to the Siderno police force. One of them, Antonio Commisso, was arrested in June 2005. Demographic evolution Notable people Antonio Commisso (born 1956), 'Ndrangheta boss Antonio Macrì (1902–1975), historical 'Ndrangheta boss Francesco Panetta (born 1963), former long-distance runner Nicola Zitara (born 1927), historian Twin cities Thunder Bay, Canada Frazioni Donisi (Greek: Διονυσση Dionyssi), Vennerello, Mirto (Greek: Μυρτώς Myrtos), Campo, Lucis, Zammariti, Pellegrina, Arona, San Filippo, Leone, Grappidaro, Gonia (Greek: Γωνιά Ghonià), Pergola, Lamia. References (Italian) Gratteri, Nicola & Antonio Nicaso (2006). Fratelli di Sangue, Cosenza: Luigi Pellegrini Editore ISBN 88-8101-373-8 External links Italian Wikipedia article on Siderno